The conventional view of regeneration ecology of western aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) has been that regeneration is, under almost all circumstances, dependent on suckering following stand-replacing disturbance. This view has fundamentally shaped, in ways both dramatic and subtle, the way aspen is managed. Recent research, however, is changing our understanding of aspen regeneration ecology, genetic diversity, and stand dynamics. With this increased understanding comes an opportunity to revisit some of our long-held views concerning aspen silviculture.